Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including episodes of mania and depression. The symptoms can vary in intensity and duration. There are two main types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Here are common symptoms associated with each phase:

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Manic Episode Symptoms (Bipolar I):

1. Elevated Mood: An abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. This is the defining feature of a manic episode.

2. Increased Energy: A notable increase in energy levels and goal-directed activity.

3. Decreased Need for Sleep: Feeling rested with less sleep than usual, sometimes going without sleep for days without feeling tired.

4. Rapid Speech: Talking quickly, jumping between topics, and having difficulty keeping up with the person's train of thought.

5. Racing Thoughts: Rapid and persistent thoughts that may be difficult to control.

6. Impulsivity: Engaging in risky behaviors without considering the consequences, such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or risky sexual behaviors.

7. Grandiosity: An inflated sense of self-esteem, confidence, or importance.

8. Distractibility: Being easily distracted, often by irrelevant or unimportant stimuli.

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Hypomanic Episode Symptoms (Bipolar II):

Hypomania is a less severe form of mania, and individuals experiencing hypomanic episodes may not have the severe impairment in daily functioning seen in full manic episodes. Common symptoms include:

1. Elevated or Irritable Mood: Similar to manic episodes but less severe.

2. Increased Energy: Similar to manic episodes but less intense.

3. Decreased Need for Sleep: Feeling rested with less sleep than usual.

4. Rapid Speech: Talking quickly, though less extreme than in manic episodes.

5. Racing Thoughts: Rapid and persistent thoughts that may be less severe than in manic episodes.

6. Impulsivity: Engaging in risky behaviors without considering the consequences, but usually to a lesser extent than in manic episodes.

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Depressive Episode Symptoms (Both Bipolar I and Bipolar II):

1. Depressed Mood: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or a lack of interest or pleasure in activities.

2. Fatigue: Persistent lack of energy and tiredness.

3. Changes in Sleep Patterns: Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleep).

4. Changes in Appetite or Weight: Significant changes in appetite leading to weight loss or gain.

5. Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or self-blame.

6. Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.

7. Loss of Interest: Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable.

8. Suicidal Thoughts: Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.

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It's important to note that the severity and duration of these episodes can vary, and the specific symptoms experienced by individuals may differ. A comprehensive assessment by a mental health professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Treatment often involves a combination of psychotherapy, mood stabilizers, and sometimes antipsychotic medications.